Lab tests, explained

Every test that turns up on a diabetes report, what it measures, and what a normal result looks like. Written for the person holding the report.

Blood sugar

Glycated Haemoglobin (HbA1c)

Your average blood sugar over the last 2-3 months. One number that shows the whole quarter, not just one day.

Fasting Blood Sugar

Sugar level after not eating for 8 hours. Shows what your body does overnight.

Post Prandial Blood Sugar

Sugar level 2 hours after a meal. Shows how well your body handles food.

Random Blood Sugar

Sugar level at any time of day, without fasting.

Kidneys

Serum Creatinine

A waste product your kidneys clear. If it rises, your kidneys may not be filtering well.

eGFR

How well your kidneys are filtering. Higher is better. Below 60 needs attention.

Urine Albumin-Creatinine Ratio

The earliest sign of kidney damage from diabetes - years before creatinine changes. The most commonly skipped test.

Blood Urea

Another waste product cleared by the kidneys.

Cholesterol and heart

LDL Cholesterol

The cholesterol that blocks arteries. In diabetes the target is stricter than for others.

HDL Cholesterol

The protective cholesterol. Higher is better.

Triglycerides

A blood fat that rises when sugar is poorly controlled.

Total Cholesterol

All cholesterol added together.

Liver

SGPT / ALT

A liver enzyme. Fatty liver is very common in type 2 diabetes.

Blood count

Haemoglobin

Carries oxygen in your blood. Low levels cause tiredness.

Thyroid

TSH

Thyroid function. Thyroid problems are common alongside diabetes.

Blood pressure

Blood Pressure (Systolic)

The upper BP number. In diabetes, keeping this under control protects kidneys and eyes.

Blood Pressure (Diastolic)

The lower BP number.

Other tests

Vitamin D (25-OH)

Low vitamin D is very common in India and affects bone and muscle health.

Stop looking tests up one by one

Send us the whole report. We explain every number on it at once, and tell you which check is overdue.